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1. Significant obstruction at the level of the ileum.
   
2. a) Multiple, rounded, echo-free areas in the foetal upper abdomen (dilated bowel loops).
  b) The rounded areas are in continuation with the foetal stomach.
  c) Peristaltic activity is observed once in 3 minutes.
  d) Normal kidneys demonstrated (foetal abnormalities excluded).
   
3. Duodenal, jejunal, or ileal obstruction. Bladder neck obstruction. Hydrocephalus.
   
4. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Bladder neck obstruction. Hydrocephalus (in some cases).
   
For reference, the figure legends are:
Figure 1. Maternal ultrasonography at 35 weeks showing foetal head, stomach, duodenal cap and dilated duodenum.
Figure 2. Maternal ultrasonography at 35 weeks showing dilated bowel loops in the foetus.

 


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